Biomolecules
Biomolecules are the substance that are essential for a living being to perform the basic function ,e.g., carbohydrate,protein,lipids(fats),nucleic acids,vitamins,minerals and water.
Carbohydrates
These are the organic compounds of carbon,hydrogen and oxygen.These are the polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones or their derivatives.
These are the source of energy and about 50-75% energy is obtained by the oxidation of carbohydrates.
The main ene product of carbohydrate digestion is glucose, which is called blood sugar.
Main source of carbohydrates are wheat,mize,rice,potato etc.
The carbohydrates are divided into three types:1.Monosaccharides 2.Oligosaccharides and 3.Polysaccharides
1.Monosaccharides
These are simple sugars,which cannot be hydrolysed further,e.g.,ribose,glucose,fructose,galactose,etc.
Oligosaccharides
They release 2-10 monosaccharides on hydrolysis.
These may be disaccharides,e.g.,maltose,trisaccharides,e.g.,raffinose etc.
Sucrose is malso called invert sugar .It gives glucose and fructose,when subjected to hydrolysis.
Polysaccharides
They release more than ten monosaccharides on hydrolysis.These are non-sugar,i.e.,do not have sweet taste,e.g.,cellulose,glycogen and starch.
Cellulose is found in plant cell wall and is digested by ruminents,but not by human beings.Thus ,it acts as roughage in case of human beings.
Proteins
These are the componants of carbon(C),hydrogen(H),oxygen(O),nitrogen(N) and sulpher(S).These form 15% part of human body.
Their main source are Groundnut,Soyabean,Pulses,fish,etc.
Deficiency of protein caused Kwashiorkor(a disease,in which hands and legs of children get slimmed and the stomach comes out) and Marasmus(a disease,in which muscles of children are loosened.
Lip0ids(Fats)
These are also the componants of carbon(C),hydrogen(H),and oxygen(O).
The main source of fats are ghee,butter,almond,cheese,egg yolk,meat and soyabean
Fats are digested ,by and enzyme called lipase,in the small intestine.
Excess of saturated fats raises the level of blood cholesterol and may cause arteriosclerosis(Hardening of arteries).This may lead to heart attack.
These protects different body parts from injury.
Deficiency of fat results in dry skin and weightlessness.
Roughage
Roughage is another term for dietary fibre,e.g.,Natural food, Dalia etc.It does not provide energy ,but only help in retaining water in the body.
