Following are the India Area and Boundaries details :-
India stretches 3,214 km from N to S & 2933 km from E to W.
Area:- 32,87,263 sq. km. Accounts for 2.4 % of total world area and 16 % of the population
Mainland India has a coastline of 6,100 km. Including the Lakshadweep and Andaman and Nicobar, the coastline measures about 7516. km
In India, total land mass is
Plains : - 43.3 %
Plateaus :- 27.7 %
Hills :- 18.6 %
Mountains:- 10.7 %
In the south, on the eastern side, the Gulf of Mannar & the Palk Strait separate India from Sri Lanka
Total land neighbours of India are 7 . These are
Afghanistan
China
Nepal
Sri Lanka
Bhutan
Bangladesh and
Myanmar
India’s Islands include the Andaman & Nicobar Islands in Bay of Bangal & Lakshadweep, Minocy & Amindive Islands in the Arabian Sea
Population
The population of the country as per the provisional figures of Census 2011 is 1210.19 million of which 623.7 million (51.54%) are males and 586.46 million (48.46%) are females.
List of ports of India
There are total 13 major sea ports of India,out of 12 are government and one, Ennore port of Chennai is the corporate one. Ennore Port is one of the major port of India located at Coromandel Coast of Tamil Nadu state, Other 12 major ports of India are listed as follows.
Kandla Port- Gujarat: Gujarat The Growth Engine of India host of the major seaport of west coast, The Kandla Port is situated on the Gulf of Kutch near the Gandhidham city in Kutch District of Gujarat. The Port of Kandla is the first special economic zone in India as well as in Asia, Kandla Port is hub for major imports like petroleum, chemicals and iron also export grains,salt and textiles. Port of Kandla is one of the highest earning ports of India, another port in Gujarat is Mundra Port,India’s largest private port.
Nhava Sheva- Maharashtra: Nhava Sheva now known as Jawaharlal Nehru Port is the largest container port in India, situated at the mainland of Konkan area across the Navi Mumbai Maharashtra. Jawaharlal Nehru Port is the king port of Arabian Sea at west cost and handle a large volume of international container traffic and domestic cargo traffic. The major exports are textiles,carpets,boneless meat and main imports are machinery,vegetable oils and chemicals.
Mumbai Port: The Mumbai Port is located in the mainland of west Mumbai on the West coast of India with natural deep-water harbor. Mumbai Port is the largest port in India and handles bulk cargo traffic with its four jetties for handling Liquid chemicals, Crude and petroleum products. International container traffic of Mumbai Port is directed to the new and big Nhava Sheva port.
Marmagao port- Goa: The main port of Goa,Marmagao port is a best natural harbors of India located in South Goa. Marmagao port is one of the leading iron ores exporter port in India and raw materials too.The port of Marmagao is one of the major attraction of Goa along with the beautiful city of Vasco da Gama and international airport Dabolim. The natural harbor of Goa is one of India’s earliest modern ports.
Panambur Port- Karnataka: Panambur Port known as the New Mangalore Port, is a seaport located near to Surathkal railway station in Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka. New Mangalore Port is a deep water all weather port and the only major port of Karnataka and one of the largest port in India. Port of Mangalore export major commodities like manganese, granite stones, coffee and cashew and main imports includes timber logs,LPG,petroleum products and cargo containers. There is a beautiful beach at south of sea port of Panambur along with the shore of the Arabian Sea.
Cochin Port- Kerala: The Cochin port is one of the largest port in India and the major port on the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean sea route. The port of Cochin lies on two islands of Willingdon and Vallarpadam and the largest container transshipment facility in India. Kochi Port is equipped with maritime facilities Cochin Shipyard,Kochi Refineries and Kochi Marina. Kochi city is famous for its traditional spices and well known as the port city of Fort Kochi during the European colonials. It also get its individual Kochi international airport, third international airport in the state of Kerala.
Port Blair- Andaman: Port Blair is the capital city of Andaman Nicobar Islands, a Union Territory of India located at the juncture of the Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea. Port Blair is the youngest sea port in India and one of the 12 major port of the country. The only port of Andaman islands are connected to mainland of India through flight and ship. Port Blair is the principal hub for shipping in the islands of Andaman and the one of the most popular tourist destination with several places of interest around like virgin beaches,scuba diving and water sports.
Tuticorin Port- Tamil Nadu: Tuticorin Port is an artificial deep-sea harbour and one of the 12 major ports of India. It is also the second largest port in Tamil Nadu first is Chennai Port and one of the largest container terminal in India. The artificial port of Tuticorin is a all weather port and who receive a large volume of international traffic. Port of Tuticorin are a used to be best port for maritime trade and pearl fishery on the bay of Bengal. The port city is also known as Pearl City and is one of the beautiful sea gateways of India from Tamil Nadu state.
Chennai Port: Madras Port is the one of the oldest port of India and the second largest port in the country. Chennai Port also the largest port in the Bay of Bengal and a hub port for cars, big containers and cargo traffic in the east coast of India. Port of the Coromandel Coast handles a variety of cargo containers,automobiles,coal,fertilizers and petroleum products. Chennai Port terminals have lighthouses around,Intra port connectivity,Pipelines and railway terminus.
Vizag Port- Andhra Pradesh: The port city Visakhapatnam is located on the southeast coast of India in the state of Andhra Pradesh. Visakhapatnam or Vizag has one of the India’s largest seaport and the oldest shipyard of country. The Visakhapatnam harbors is the only Natural harbors in the bay of Bengal shore. Vizag is second largest city in Andhra, nestled among the great hills of Eastern Ghats and faces the Bay of Bengal.
Paradip Port- Orissa: The artificial, deep-water port of east coast of India is located in the Jagatsinghpur district of Orissa state. Port of Paradip is the major port in the east cost shore and situated at the confluence of great river Mahanadi and the Bay of Bengal. Paradip Port has its own railway system,cold handling plant and a national highway connects the port with rest of Indian road networks.
Haldia port- West Bengal: Haldia port or Calcutta Port is a major seaport situated near the Hooghly River in the state of West Bengal. Port of Haldia is one of the major trade center for Calcutta and receive bulk cargoes of Chemicals, Petrochemicals and oils. Port of Kolkata is also a base of Indian Coast Guard.
Irrigation systems of India
The various types of Systems of Irrigation practiced in India
Irrigation refer to the supplying water to the dry land as a supplementation of rain water. It is mainly aimed for cultivation. There are various types of systems of irrigation practices in different parts of India. Irrigation in India is carried on through wells, tanks, canals, Perennial canal, Multi-purpose river valley projects etc.
Irrigation System in India are carried on in the following ways:
Wells are mainly found in U. P., Bihar, Tamil Nadu etc. there are various types of wells—shallow wells, deep wells, tube wells, artesian wells etc. From the shallow wells water is not always available as the level of water goes down during the dry months. Deep wells are more suitable for the purpose of irrigation as water from them is available throughout the year.
Tube wells are also used for irrigation purposes. A deep tube well worked by electricity, can irrigate a much larger area (about 400 hectares) than a surface well (1/2 hectares). Tube wells are mostly used in U.P., Hariyana, Punjab, Bihar and Gujarat. In Rajasthan and Maharashtra, artesian wells are now supplying water to agricultural lands.
In the Deccan, reservoirs are made by constructing dams. This system is greatly adopted in the States of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka etc. In Northern India also, tanks are constructed for storing water. From all these tanks, water is carried to the fields through canals.
Canal irrigation is playing a vital role in Indian agriculture. It canal near about 42% of total irrigated land. In many places during the rainy season, there is flood in the rivers. The flood water is carried to the field through canals. These canals are found in W.B., Bihar, Orissa, etc. They supply water only when there is flood in the rivers, and therefore, are of no use during the dry season when water is required most.
4. Perennial canals Irrigation System:
In order to supply water throughout the year, reservoirs are constructed for storing water. From these reservoirs, water can be supplied to the fields whenever there is demand for it. So this system of irrigation ensures supply of water in all season. This type of perennial canal is found mostly in Punjab, U.P., and Tamil Nadu.
In Punjab, the upper Bari Doab canal connecting the Ravi and the Beas and Sirhind (from the Sutlej) canal is famous. In U.P., the Upper Ganga and the Lower Ganga canals, Agra and Sarda canals, etc. are important. In Tamil Nadu, most important are the Buckingham canal and the Periyar canal.
In recent years, multi-purpose river valley projects are helping agriculture. The most important are
the Damodar Project and the Mor Project in West Bengal,
the Mahanadi (Hirakud) Project in Orissa,
the Kosi Project in Bihar, and
the Bhakra Nangal Project in Punjab.
Agricultural products of India
The total arable territory in India is 1,269,219 km2, which represents about 56.78% of the overall land zone of the country. Arable land in India is diminishing because of continuous strain from an ever-increasing number of inhabitants and growing urbanization.
The overall water surface area of the country is 31440 km2 and the country experiences a mean yearly precipitation of 1,100 mm. Irrigation represents 92% of the consumption of water and in 1974, it was 380 km2. By 2025, the capacity will probably increase to 1,050 km2, with the equilibrium justifying both household and industrial usage.
Agricultural Products in India
India ranks first in producing the following agricultural outputs:
Anise
Fresh fruit
Badian
Fennel
Tropical fresh fruit
Coriander
Pigeon peas
Jute
Spices
Pulses
Castor oil seed
Millets
Safflower seeds
Sesame seeds
Limes
Lemons
Dry chillies and peppers
Cow's milk
Cashew nuts
Chickpeas
Ginger
Okra
Guavas
Turmeric
Goat milk
Mangoes
Meat
Buffalo milk
In addition, the country also ranks as the top producer of millets such as Bajra, Jowar, and Ragi. In terms of rice production, India holds the second position after China.
About 10% of the fruits produced in the world are produced in India. India holds the first position in the world in producing the following fruits:
Papaya
Mangoes
Sapota
Banana
India holds the third rank in the world in the production of the following:
Sorghum
Tobacco
Coconuts
Rapeseed
Tomatoes
Hen's eggs
By coffee production, India holds the sixth rank in the world.
India houses the biggest number of livestock in the world and the count is 281 million. In 2008, the country housed the second biggest number of cattle in the world and the count was 175 million livestock.
India ranks as the second biggest producer of the following:
Cabbages
Cashews
Fresh vegetables
Cotton seed and lint
Brinjal
Garlic
Silk
Goat meat
Cardamom
Nutmeg and Mace
Wheat
Onions
Sugarcane
Rice
Dry beans
Lentil
Tea
Groundnut
Cauliflowers
Green peas
Pumpkins
Potatoes
Gourds
Squashes
Inland fish
The population of India is increasing at a faster pace than its capacity to produce wheat and rice.
India holds the second position in production of wheat, rice, cotton, sugarcane, and groundnuts. It is also the second biggest harvester of vegetables and fruit, representing 8.6% and 10.9% of the overall vegetable and fruit production in the world correspondingly.
The country is the top producer of jute, milk, and pulses and holds the second rank in the production of silk and it is the biggest consumer of silk in the world. In 2005, the country produced 77,000 million tons of silk.
Indian main minerals
Principal minerals found in the country along with their estimated reserves are given below:
The total in situation reserves is 3.076 million tonnes. About 84 per cent of this reserve is of metallurgical grade. The conditional resources of bauxite are about 5, 99,780 tonnes.
In addition, prospective resources are placed at 90 million tonnes. Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Jharkhand are the principal states where bauxite deposits are located. Major reserves are concentrated in the East Coast Bauxite deposits of Orissa and Andhra Pradesh.
Total in situ reserves of chromite are estimated at 114 million tonnes. Total geological resources were estimated at 187 million tonnes, consisting of around 114 million tonnes in situ reserves and about 73 million tonnes as conditional resources.
The largest share (about 96 per cent) in the total geological resources is accounted by the Cuttack district in Orissa. Deposits of economic significance occur in Orissa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Tamil Nadu and Manipur. However, refractory grade reserves of chromite are very meagre.
The total in situ reserves of copper ore in the country are 712.5 million tonnes, equivalent to 9.4 million tonnes of metal content.
The all-India conditional resources of copper are 722 million tonnes (3.15 million tonnes of copper metal) and prospective resources are 0.6 million tonnes of copper ore.
Major and important copper ore deposits are located in Singhbhum district (Jharkhand), Balaghat district (Madhya Pradesh) and Jhunjhunu and Alwar districts (Rajasthan).
In addition, there are small copper ore deposits in Gujarat, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Sikkim, Meghalaya, Maharashtra and West Bengal.
There are three important gold fields in the country, namely, Kolar Gold Fields, Kolar district, Hutti Gold Field in Raichur district (both in Karnataka) and Ramgiri Gold Field in Anantpur district (Andhra Pradesh). Total in situ reserves of gold ore are estimated at 22.4 million tonnes, with 116.50 tonnes of metal.
The total in situ reserves of iron ore in the country are about 1,23,17,275 thousand tonnes of haematite and 53,95,214 thousand tonnes of magnetite.
The resources of very high-grade ore are limited and are restricted mainly in the Bailadila sector of Chhattisgarh and to a lesser extent in Bellary-Hospet area of Karnataka and Barajamda sector in Jharkhand and Orissa.
Haematite resources are located in Orissa, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan. Magnetite resources are located in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Kerala, Jharkhand, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu.
Lead-Zinc resources are located in Rajasthan, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Orissa, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu and Sikkim. Total in situ reserves (all grades) of lead and zinc ores are 231 million tonnes comprising metal content of 5.1 million tonnes of lead and 17.02 million tonnes of zinc metal.
The total in situ resources of manganese ore are 406 million tonnes out of which 104 million tonnes are proved, 135 million tonnes are in probable and 167 million tonnes are in possible categories. Main reserves fall in Karnataka, followed by Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Goa. Minor occurrences of manganese are in Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand, Gujarat, Rajasthan and West Bengal.
The total estimated conditional resources of nickel ore are 188.7 million tonnes located in Orissa (174.48 million tonnes) and Jharkhand (9 million tonnes).
The total in situ reserves of tungsten ore have been estimated at 43.15 million tonnes or 1, 32,478 tonnes of W03 content. The main reserves are at Degana, Rajasthan. It also occurs in Maharashtra, Haryana, West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh.
The in situ reserves of barytes are 85 million tonnes. The Mangampet deposit occurring in Cuddapah district (Andhra Pradesh) is the single largest deposit in the world. Minor occurrences of barytes are located in Rajasthan, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Maharashtra. Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Himachal Pradesh and Karnataka
Diamond deposits occur in three types of geological settings such as kimberlite pipes, conglomerate beds and alluvial gravels.
The main diamond bearing areas in India are the Panna belt in Madhya Pradesh, Munimadugu-Banganapalle conglomerate in Kurnool district, Wajrakarur Kimberlite pipe in Anantapur district and the gravels of Krishna river basin in Andhra Pradesh.
Reserves have been estimated only in the Panna belt and Krishna Gravels in Andhra Pradesh.
The total in situ reserves are about 26, 43,824 carats. There are conditional resources of 19, 36,512 carat. The new kimberlite fields are discovered recently in Raichur-Gulbarga districts of Karnataka.
Dolomite occurrences are widespread in almost all parts of the country. The total in situ reserves of all grades of dolomite are 7,349 million tonnes.
The major share of about 90 per cent reserves is distributed in the states of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Gujarat, Karnataka, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra.
The reserves of BF and SMS grades are large, but those of refractory grade at 425 million tonnes constitute only 5.8 per cent of the all India reserves.
Fireclay
Fireclay occurs as a bedded deposit, mostly associated with coal measures of Gondwana and Tertiary periods. Important deposits are associated with Jharia and Raniganj coalfields in Jharkhand and West Bengal, Korba coalfield in Chhattisgarh and Neyveli Lignite field in Tamil Nadu.
Fluorspar
Total in situ reserves of fluorspar in India are 14.15 million tonnes. Commercial deposits of Fluorspar are located in Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.
The in situ reserves of gypsum are estimated at 383 million tonnes. Out of this, two millions are of surgical/plaster grade. 92 million tonnes of fertilizer/pottery grade, 76 million tonnes of cement/paint grade, 13 million tonnes of soil reclamation grade and the rest is unclassified.
The production of gypsum is confined to Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Jammu and Kashmir, and Gujarat. Rajasthan is the main producer of gypsum followed by Jammu and Kashmir.
GraphiteThe in situ reserves of graphite are 16 million tonnes. Orissa is the major producer of graphite. Almost the entire reserves of Tamil Nadu under the proved category are in Ramanathapuram district. Deposits of commercial importance are located in Andhra Prade" Jharkhand, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu.
The in situ reserves of ilmenite are 348 million tonnes. Ilmenite occurs mainly in beach sand deposits right from Ratnagiri (Maharashtra) to the coast in Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Orissa The mineral is also found in Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal.
Kaolin
The all India in situ reserves of kaolin, including white clay of all categories are about 2,353 million tonnes. Principal producing states are Kerala, West Bengal, Bihar, Rajasthan and Gujarat Ball clay is mainly produced in the West Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh and Bikaner district of Rajasthan.
The total in situ reserves of limestone of all categories and grades are placed at 1, 69,941 million tonnes. The total conditional reserves have been estimated at 3,713 million tonnes.
The major share of its production comes from Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh, and Gujarat: Rajasthan, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Himachal Pradesh, Orissa, Bihar, Uttaranchal and Uttar Pradesh. The remaining part comes from Assam, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir, Ker and Meghalaya.
India is the world's leading producer of sheet mica and accounts for about 60 per cent of global mica trade. Important mica-bearing pegmatite occurs in Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand Bihar and Rajasthan.
Magnesite
The total in situ reserves of Magnesite are about 415 million tonnes of which 76 million tonnes are in the proved category. Major deposits of magnesite are found in Uttaranchal, Tamil Nadu and Rajasthan while minor deposits are in Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Himachal Prade and Kerala.
The total in situ reserves of kyanite and sillimanite in the country are 8.1 million tonnes and 58.8 million tonnes respectively. Besides, conditional resources of 95.3 million tonnes of kyanite are also estimated. For sillimanite, conditional resources are estimated to be 5.9 million tonnes.
Kyanite deposits are located in Maharashtra, Karnataka, Jharkhand, Rajasthan and Andhra Pradesh. Sillimanite resources are in Tamil Nadu, Orissa, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal with minor occurrences in Assam, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya and Rajasthan.
Deposits of phosphorites are located in Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat. Besides, apatite deposits of commercial importance are reported from Jharkhand, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Rajasthan. In situ reserves of phosphorites are estimated at 193.23 million tonnes of all grades and of apatite at 14.83 million tonnes.
Other minerals occurring in significant quantities in India are bentonite (Rajasthan, Gujarat, Jharkhand and Jammu and Kashmir), corundum (Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan and Chhattisgarh), clacite (Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Haryana, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat), fuller's earth (Rajasthan, Jharkhand, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, West Bengal and Karnataka), garnet (Tamil Nadu, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan and Kerala), pyrites (Jharkhand; Rajasthan, Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh), steatite (Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Kerala, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh), wollastonite (Rajasthan and Gujarat), zircon (beach sand of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Orissa) and quartz and silica minerals are widespread and occur in nearly all states.
Besides, the country has vast marble, slate and sandstone. Granite is mainly mined in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan; marble in Rajasthan, Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh; slate in Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh. Haryana and Andhra Pradesh; and sandstone in Rajasthan
Indian Industries
India is a fast developing country. Since independence she has achieved remarkably in industrial sectors. Some of the major industry are mentioned below-
Iron and Steel industries are considered to the backbone of any nation. First Iron and Steel company in India was established in Kulti (West Bengal) in the year 1874 AD Brakar Iron company was the name of the establishment. But this first modern Iron and Steel plant was set up by Jamshedji Tata Sakchi (Jharkhand) in 1907.
Jamshedpur, Bokaro (Jharkhand); Bhadravati (Kamataka); Bhilai (Chattisgarh); Rourkela (Orissa); Durgapi Burupur, Kulti, Hirapur (W. Bengal); Salem (Tamil Nadu Vishakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh).
The first industries set up in India us cotton industries. The first modern cotton industries was set by Cawassji Dawar in Mumbai in 1854 AD.
The major centers of the cotton industries in India are following
Mumbai, Akola, Sholapur, Pune, Nagpur, Sata (Maharashtra); Ahmadabad, Surat, Baroda, Rajkot, Bhavnagar (Gujarat); Indore, Gwalior, Jabalpur, Bhopal (Madhya Prades Kanpur, Lucknow, Agra, Saharanpur, Modinagar, Varan; Rampur (Uttar Pradesh); Kolkata (W. Bengal); Chennai, Coimbator Madurai (Tamil Nadu); Ludhiana, Amritsar (Punjab); Bangalore (Kamataka); Panipat (Haryana) and Delhi.
Sugar industries are also one of the oldestand important industries of India.
Devaria, Gorakhpur, Barabanki, Basti, Sitapur, Mozaffarnagar, Ghaziabad, Kanpur, Faizabad, Jaunpur Pradesh); Saran, Champaran, Darbhanga, Motihari, Sub Majhaulia, Madhaura, Panchrukhi, Sasamusa, Gopalganj Pune, Nasik, Manmad, Sholapur, Kolhapur, Ahmadn2 (Maharashtra); Mursnidabad, Howrah, Nadia, 24 Pargana Bengal); Coimbator. Madurai, Tiruchirapalli (Tamil Nadu)Phagwara, Amritsar (Punjab); Rohtak, Panipat (Haryana); Bijapur, Shimoga (Karnataka); Hospet, Kode, Hyderabad (A.P.); Sarangpur, Palanda (Madhya Pradesh); Surat (Gujarat).
First Jute industries in India was set up in Risra near Kolkata in 1859 AD. In the following places Jute mills are
concentrated.Places-Risra, Kolkata, Sialdah, Shri Rampur, Shivpur (W. Bengal); Guntoor, Vishakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh); Katihar, Darbhanga, Purnea (Bihar); Kanpur, Gorakhput (U.P.); Cuttuck (Orissa).
The first modern paper industries was set up near Lucknow in 1879 AD. And in similar manner the first newsprint industries was set up in Nepanagar in Madhya Pradesh in the year 1955.
Titagarh, Triveni, Kolkata (W. Bengal); Kagaznagar, Tirypati (Andhra Pradesh); Merrut, Saharanput, Mozaffarnagar (Uttar Pradesh); Dalmianagar, Brauni, Katihar (Bihar); Bhopal, Hoshangabad, Balaghat (Madhya Pradesh); Salem (Tamil Nadu); Mumbai, Pune (Maharashtra); Bhadravati, Dadeli (Karnataka); Punnaloor, Kozikode (Kerala); Surat, Baroda (Gujarat); Sangroor (Punjab); Faridabad, Sonipat (Haryana); Kota (Rajasthan).
The first cement factory in India was set up in Chennai in 1904 AD. To increase the production of cement in the country Associated Cement Company was set up in 1934. Following are the places where the cement factories are situated :
Sindri, Khilari, Banjari, Japla, Kalyanpur, Jhinkapani (Jharkhand); Dalmianagar (Bihar); Jabalpur, Katni (Madhya Pradesh); Durg, Raipur (Chhattisgarh); Churk, Kanpur, Dala (U.P.); Hirakund (Orissa); Porbandar, Ahmadabad (Gujarat); Likheri, Sawai, (Rajasthan); Bangalore, Bijapur (Karnataka); Guntur, Mangalagiri (Tamil Nadu); Kottayam (Kerala) and Surajgarh (Haryana).
The first Aluminium factory of India was set up in J. K. Nagar (W. Bengal) in 1937 AD. Following are the places where Aluminium factories are located.
Mouri (Jharkhand), Korba (Chhatttisgarh), Always (Kerala), Renukoot (U.P.), Hirakund (Orissa).
The first Super Phosphate chemical industries was set up in Ranipet (Tamil Madu) in the year 1906. Following are the places where the chemical fertilizer industries are located.
Sindri (Jharkhand); Barauni (Bihar); Gorakhpur, Varanasi (U.P.); Ramagundam, Vishakhapatnum (A.P); Rourkela, Talchar (Orissa); Khetri, Kota, Slkar (Rajasthan); Mumbai, Ambarnath (Maharashtra); Namrup, Chandarpur (Assam Burnpur, Haldla, Risra (W. Bengal); Mangalore, Munlrab (Kamataka); Neyvell, Ranlpet (Tamil Nadu); Kandla, Ha2j! Bhavanagar, Barodra (Gujarat); Alwaye (Kerala); Nangal (Purijju
Heavy machines and spares for the industries are manufactured in these industries. Following are the places where the engineering industries are located :
Hatia (Jharkhand); Durgapur, Kolkata (W. Benga Hyderabad, Vishakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh); Naini (Uttar Pradesh); Bangalore (Kamataka); Ajmer (Rajasthan); Ambernatr Pimpri (Maharashtra); Plnjore, Batala (Punjab).
(i) Railway Engines-Chitranjan (West Bengal); Varana; (U.P.):
Perambur (Tamil Nadu), Kapurthala (Punjab), Bangalore (Kamataka), Kolkata (W. Bengal).
11. Ship-Building-
Vishakhapatnam (Andhra, Pradesh), Cochin (Kerala), Kolkata (W. Bengal), Mumbai (Maharashtra), Mazgoan (Maharashtra).
Bangalore, Hyderabad, Kanpur, Koraput, Nasik.
Mumbai, Pune, Chennai, Kolkata Burnpur, Jamshedpur, Gurgaon.
First cycle industry in India was set up if 1938 in Mumbai.
Ludhiana, Faridabad, Agra, Kanpur, Varanasi, Gwali of Patna, Asansol, Kolkata, Gauhati and Delhi.
Kandra, Bhurkunda, Dhanbad (Jharkhand Patna, Kahalgaon (Bihar); Firozabad, Naini, Shikohabad (U-P) Baildharia, Risra, Burdwan, Raniganj (W. Bengal); Mumbai, Nagpur (Maharashtra); Barodra (Gujarat); Ambala (Haryana Amritsar (Punjab); Hyderabad (A.P.); Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh- Bangalore (Kamataka) and Guahati (Assam).
Kanpur, Agra, Kolkata, Batanagar, Patna Mokama, Mumbai, Chennai, Bangalore.
Dhariwal, Ludhiana, Amritsar, Srinagar, Bangalore.
Bhagalpur, Bangalore, Tanjore, Kanchipuram, Srinagar, Varanasi and Jallundhar.
Mumbai, Pimpri, Pune, Mathura, Haridwar, Rishlkesh, Ahmadabad, Hyderabad, Chennal, Bangalore and Delhi.
Kolkata, Chennai, Delhi, Bangalore, Mumbai, Hyderabad,
Sindri, Tatanagar, Mumbai, Kolkata, Durgapur, Amritsar, Bhilai.
Kolkata, Chennai, Baraily, Mumbai, Katihar.
Kolkata, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Mumbai, Kanpur.
Bangalore, Rupnarayanpur (W. Bengal).
Digboi, Noonmati, Koyali (Gujarat), Vishakhapatnam, Trombay, Barauni, Mathura.
Hyderabad, Ahmadabad, Barodra, Lucknow, Bhuvaneshwar, Bhopal.
Cochin, Meddak (T. Nadu).
Indian Railway Zone and headquarters
| S/No. | Name of the Railway Zone | Zonal Headquarter | Division |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Central Railway | Mumbai | 1) Mumbai 2) Nagpur 3) Bhusawal 4) Pune 5) Sholapur |
| 2 | Eastern Railway | Kolkata | 1) Howrah-I 2) Howrah-II 3) Sealdah 4) Malda 5) Asansol 6) Chitaranjan |
| 3 | East Central Railway | Hajipur | 1) Danapur 2) Mugalsarai 3) Dhanbad 4) Sonpur 5) Samastipur |
| 4 | East Coast Railway | Bhubaneshwar | 1) Khurda Road 2) Waltair 3) Sambhalpur |
| 5 | Northern Railway Baroda House, | New Delhi | 1) Delhi-I 2) Delhi-II 3) Ambala 4) Moradabad 5) Lucknow 6) Firozpur |
| 6 | North Central Railway | Allahabad | 1) Allahabad 2) Jhansi 3) Agra |
| 7 | North Eastern Railway | Gorakhpur | 1) Izzatnagar 2) Lucknow 3) Varanasi |
| 8 | North Frontier Railway | Maligaon, Guwahati | 1) Katihar 2) Alipurduar 3) Rangiya 4) Lumding 5) Tinsukhia |
| 9 | North Western Railway | Jaipur | 1) Jaipur 2) Jodhpur 3) Bikaner 4) Ajmer |
| 10 | Southern Railway | Chennai | 1) Chennai 2) Madurai 3) Palghat 4) Trichy 5) Trivendrum |
| 11 | South Central Railway | Secunderabad | 1) Secunderabad 2) Hyderabad 3) Guntakal 4) Vijaywada 5) Nanded |
| 12 | South Eastern Railway Garden Reach, | Kolkata | 1) Kharagpur 2) Adra 3) Chakradharpur 4) Ranchi 5) Shalimar |
| 13 | South East Central Railway | Bilaspur | 1) Bilaspur 2) Nagpur 3) Raipur |
| 14 | South Western Railway | Hubli | 1) Bangalore 2) Mysore 3) Hubli 4) FA/F/YNK |
| 15 | Western Railway | Mumbai CST | 1) BCT 2) Vadodara 3) Ahemdabad 4) Ratlam 5) Rajkot 6) Bhavnagar |
| 16 | West Central Railway | Jabalpur | 1) Jabalpur 2) Bhopal 3) Kota |
Indian International Airports
| Airport | City State/Union Territory |
|---|---|
| Veer Savarkar International Airport | Port Blair Andaman and Nicobar Islands |
| Visakhapatnam Airport Visakhapatnam | Andhra Pradesh |
| Rajiv Gandhi International Airport | Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh |
| Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport | Guwahati Assam |
| Indira Gandhi International Airport | New Delhi Delhi |
| Goa International Airport whole state | Goa |
| Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport | Ahmedabad Gujarat |
| Kempegowda International Airport | Bengaluru Karnataka |
| Mangalore International Airport | Mangalore Karnataka |
| Cochin International Airport | Kochi Kerala |
| Calicut International Airport | Kozhikode Kerala |
| Trivandrum International Airport | Thiruvananthapuram Kerala |
| Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport | Mumbai Maharashtra |
| Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar International Airport | Nagpur Maharashtra |
| Tulihal Airport | Imphal Manipur |
| Biju Patnaik International Airport | Bhubaneswar Odisha |
| Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport | Amritsar Punjab |
| Jaipur International Airport | Jaipur Rajasthan |
| Chennai International Airport | Chennai Tamil Nadu |
| Coimbatore International Airport | Coimbatore Tamil Nadu |
| Tiruchirapalli International Airport | Tiruchirapalli Tamil Nadu |
| Chaudhary Charan Singh Airport | Lucknow Uttar Pradesh |
| Lal Bahadur Shastri Airport | Varanasi Uttar Pradesh |
| Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport | Kolkata West Bengal |
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